NATIONAL TVET COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021
MARKING GUIDE
SECTOR: MEDIA AND FILM MAKING
TRADE: MULTIMEDIA
RTQF LEVEL: I V
MODULE CODE AND TITLE: MMDDA401: CREATING 2D DIGITAL ANIMATION
DURATION: 3HOURS
INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
The examination comprises three (3) sections
ü Section A : all questions are compulsory (55 marks)
ü Section B
Ø This section is composed by three (3) compulsory questions
Ø Scoring is out of 30 marks being 10mrks for each questions
ü Section C
Ø This section is composed by two (2) questions choose only one (1)
Ø Scoring is out of 15 marks
ü Plot a line after each question.
SECTION A: ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
Question 1: define the following terms /5mrks
i. Animation :
Answer: It is the process of creating a continuous motion and shape change illusion by means of a rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other.
ii. Frame
Answer: A frame is defined by a combination of the image to be displayed
and the time the image is to be displayed.
iii. Key frame
Answer: A key frame is a single still image (frame) in an animated
sequence that occurs at an important point in that sequence. Key
frame is always drawn or constructed by the user.
iv. Storyboard
Answer: Storyboards are sketches similar to comic books that follow the action of the script and shows how the characters will move in every scene.
v. Illustrations
Answer: It is an artwork that helps make something clear or attractive.
http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum/Vocational/2018/Media_XI_821-Animator.pdf
Question 2: circle the best answer /5mrks
1. ––––––––––– refers to content that uses a combination of different content forms
A. Animation B. Multimedia C. Editing D. Flash
2. What is the name of popular software used for creating 2D animation for use in web pages?
A. Corel draw B. Flash C. Banner creator D. Maya
3. What method of animation creates the in- between frames when you create the start and end point of the animation
A. Motion B. Classic C. Shape D. Tweening
4. The curve that determine the poses of the character.
A. Arc in animation B. Multimedia C. Biped D.Spline
5. In which toolbar is the’’ Array’’ option found?
A. Modify toolbar B. Extras toolbar C. Motion toolbar D. No one of the above
https://www.gkseries.com/animation-and-editing/questions-and-answers-on-animation-and-editing
Question 3: Give 5 examples of the uses of animation/5mrks
ü Motion graphics
ü Sprite animations
ü CSS animations
ü JavaScript animations
ü SVG animations
ü WebGL animations
ü UI animations
ü Web-based game animations
ü Animated data visualizations
https://www.superside.com/blog/10-great-examples-of-animation-on-websites
Question 4: Differentiate between Traditional animation and computer animation. /5mrks
Traditional animation (also known as hand-drawn animation, cel animation or classical animation) is an animation technique where all the frames used to create the illusion of motion are first drawn on paper and, consequently, done by hand. While
Computer animation, also called CGI animation, is the technique used by generating animated images with computer graphics. Computer animation is broken down into two categories. Computer-assisted animation is when traditional animations are computerized. On the other hand, computer-generated animation is the one designed solely on the computer system using animation and 3D graphics software.
https://www.prayananimation.com/blog/difference-between-traditional-and-computer-animation/
Question 5: Outline 5 principles of animation /5mrks
Squash and stretch , Anticipation ,Staging ,Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose ,Follow Through and Overlapping Action , Slow In and Slow Out , Arc , Secondary Action ,Timing , Exaggeration , Solid drawing , Appeal
http://dl.jalebamooz.com/upload/2014-2015-02-4-TR_baixa.pdf
Question 6: How to prepare a storyboard? /5mrks
Storyboards are sketches similar to comic books that follow the action of the script and shows how the characters will move in every scene.
Follow these steps to create your first storyboard:
1. Make a shot list. Take a scene from your script and make a shot list.
2. Sketch it out. Whether you’re working on a feature film or a short animation, choose one of the more complex sequences, and scope out a vision for the scene.
3. Fill in details. Your storyboard has to contain the most important elements of each scene.
4. Add words. Once you’ve created the images, it might help to add additional words at the bottom of the images to give more contexts about what’s going on.
Question 7: Give 5 animation software of your choice /5mrks
• Maya.
• Photoshop.
• Adobe Animate.
• Moho.
• Autodesk motion builder.
• Blender.
• GoAnimate.
• After Effects
· Cinema 4D
· Toon Boom Harmony
· etc
https://www.renderforest.com/blog/best-animation-software
Question 8: Differentiate vector image from Bitmap image /5mrks
Answer: Bitmap (or raster) images are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels. Each pixel is actually a very small square that is assigned a color, and then arranged in a pattern to form the image. When you zoom in on a bitmap image you can see the individual pixels that make up that image. Bitmap graphics can be edited by erasing or changing the color of individual pixels using a program such as Adobe Photoshop. While
Vector images are not based on pixel patterns, but instead use mathematical formulas to draw lines and curves that can be combined to create an image from geometric objects such as circles and polygons. Vector images are edited by manipulating the lines and curves that make up the image using a program such as Adobe Illustrator.
Vector images have some important advantages over bitmap images. Vector images tend to be smaller than bitmap images. That’s because a bitmap image has to store color information for each individual pixel that forms the image. A vector image just has to store the mathematical formulas that make up the image, which take up less space.
https://etc.usf.edu/techease/win/images/what-is-the-difference-between-bitmap-and-vector-images/
Question 9: Give five deliveries Platform where we can store 2D graphics or Image. /5mrks
• hard drive.
• CD-ROM.
• DVD-ROM.
• flash media.
• "thumb" drive.
• memory stick.
• iPod.
• digital camera
Question 10: Differentiate between Straight Ahead and Pose-to-Pose /5mrks
Answer:These are two different ways to animate an action. The straight-ahead technique means to animate your action from drawing 1 to the end in sequence order. The pose-to-pose technique is a bit more intricate as it means to draw the key poses first (often the beginning and end drawing of the action and some other key moment between. Once the key poses are done, the breakdown and in between drawings are added to fill the rest of the animation. Smoke, water and other fluid elements are often animated using the straight-ahead technique. Actions that require tight timing and structure are often animated with the pose-to-pose technique. This method helps maintain a solid structure and preserve the volume. Sometimes, when using the straight-ahead technique, it may be difficult to calculate where the action will end up and the final drawing may be out of proportion and not where it should be.
Question 11: a) What is Anticipation? /1mrk
Anticipation is the preparation for an action such as a jump or a punch
b) Give four examples of anticipation /4mrks
• Entire body squashing down before jumping off a building
• The heel of the foot pressing down before a step
• Mouth compressing before opening to speak
• An eye blink before a head turn
https://www.animationmentor.com/blog/anticipation-the-12-basic-principles-of-animation/
SECTION B: This section is composed by three (3) compulsory questions/30mrks
Question 12: Describe 10 Design specifications for any 2D animation.
Answer:
· basic games
Make 2D game assets that are light and interactive. Harmony offers the animation tools, flexibility and performance you need to meet your game development needs. Draw artwork, rig and animate cut-out characters, and easily export assets in a format that works for your game engine.
· Buttons
Buttons in Animate (formerly Flash Professional) are symbols that contain four frames. Each frame of a button symbol represents a different state for the button: Up, Over, Down, and Hit. These states determine how a button visually behaves when the mouse is rolled over it or when the user clicks the button
· characters
Character animation is a specialized area of the animation process, which involves bringing animated characters to life. The role of a Character Animator is analogous to that of a film or stage actor, and character animators are often said to be "actors with a pencil" (or a mouse).
· illustrations
Illustrations are great. But you know what's even better? Turning them into animations to make your videos (or your website) look extra snazzy. With a few steps and the help of some tools like Adobe Illustrator and After Effects, your illustrations will be moving in no time
· logos
Animated logo is a popular asset of marketing and brand identity. Motion designers turn static logos into something new and unique.
· morphs
Morph target animation, per-vertex animation, shape interpolation, shape keys, or blend shapes is a method of 3D computer animation used together with techniques such as skeletal animation
· objects
Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys, blocks, dolls, etc. which are not fully malleable, such as clay or wax, and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character
· puzzles
Animated Puzzles is a Jigsaw-style picture puzzle game with a challenging twist; animated puzzles! ... The game consists of several puzzles, each with its own unique image. As you progress, the puzzles will increase in difficulty by having more pieces.
· simulated sequences
Computer simulation and animation are well known for their uses in visualizing and explaining complex and dynamic events. They are also useful in the analysis and understanding of these same types of events. ... Both use computer graphics and motion presented on a video screen.
· text
You can animate a text object on the slide with an entrance, emphasis, exit or motion path effects.
· Titles and credits
A title sequence (also called an opening sequence or intro) is the method by which films or television programs present their title, and key production and cast members, utilizing conceptual visuals and sound.[1] It typically includes (or begins) the text of the opening credits, and helps establish the setting and tone of the program. It may consist of live action, animation, music, still images, and/or graphics. In some films, the title sequence is preceded by a cold open.
Question 13: Explain the following term
a) Framing : framing is the presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of the subject in relation to other objects.
b) Lighting: Light art or luminism is an applied art form in which light is the main medium of expression. It is an art form in which either a sculpture produces light, or light is used to create a "sculpture" through the manipulation of light, colors, and shadows
c) Montage : the art or process of making a composite picture by bringing together into a single composition a number of different pictures or parts of pictures and arranging these, as by superimposing one on another, so that they form a blended whole while remaining distinct. a picture so made.
d) Narrative:Narrative art is art that tells a story, either as a moment in an ongoing story or as a sequence of events unfolding over time. Some of the earliest evidence of human art suggests that people told stories with pictures
e) Focal point: Focal points are areas of interest, emphasis or difference within a composition that capture and hold the viewer's attention.
f) Unity: Do all the parts of the composition feel as if they belong together, or does something feel stuck on, awkwardly out of place
g) Movement: There are many ways to give a sense of movement in a painting, such as the arrangement of objects, the position of figures, the flow of a river
h) Key frames: is a single still image (frame) in an animated sequence that occurs at an important point in that sequence. Key frame is always drawn or constructed by the user.
i)Rotation : The action of rotating object about an axis or Centre
j) Scale:the relative size of elements against each other can attract attention to a focal point.
Question 14: Explain any 5 screening principles used in 2D animation
Answer:
· editing, including basic transitions
Animation Editor is an interactive tool for the graphical specification, presentation and modification of the values of animation parameters for computer facial models. ... One can perform editing operations - cut and paste operations, time- and value scaling - on portions of curves and on sets of them
· framing
framing is the presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of the subject in relation to other objects.
· lighting
Light art or luminism is an applied art form in which light is the main medium of expression. It is an art form in which either a sculpture produces light, or light is used to create a "sculpture" through the manipulation of light, colors, and shadows
· montage
the art or process of making a composite picture by bringing together into a single composition a number of different pictures or parts of pictures and arranging these, as by superimposing one on another, so that they form a blended whole while remaining distinct. a picture so made.
· Narrative
Narrative art is art that tells a story, either as a moment in an ongoing story or as a sequence of events unfolding over time. Some of the earliest evidence of human art suggests that people told stories with pictures.
· story-telling
Story telling. A good and well-presented story is successful in reaching its objective and remembered long after over others. Reaching its listeners, holding the interest and crossing all age barriers is the impact of an effective storytelling.
· style/genre.
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes. ... But history paintings are a genre in painting, not genre works.
SECTION C: ATTEMPT ANY ONE QUESTION ON YOUR CHOICE
Question 15:a) Based on your knowledge in animations, differentiate 2D and 3 D animations
2D animations deal more with drawing and framing and are the base of 3D animation. 2D animators create frames to define a sequence that are then moved at varying speeds to create the illusion of motion. Traditionally these were put together in an amazing process where artists drew pencil drawings of every frame of film, then these images were painted onto clear plastic sheets called ‗cels‘, and each of the thousands of hand drawn and painted cels were photographed one at a time over a hand painted background image and those thousands of images compiled to run as film at 24 frames a second.
Today most 2D animation involves using computer software to one degree or another, from just digitally coloring the cels to be photographed in the traditional method, to doing every single element in the computer.
3D or three-dimensional animation has more depth and is more realistic. The texture, lighting and color of the 3D objects are modified using software programs. Film, advertising, video and gaming are the fast growing fields for 3D animation.3D allows you to do things that simply are not possible in 2D animation.
3D objects, once modeled, can be treated almost as a physical object. You can light it differently; you can move a camera to look at it from above, or below. 3D allows you to create realistic objects. You can use textures and lighting to create objects that appear solid, and can even be integrated seamlessly into live video elements.
b) On each type, state 5 examples
2D Animation Examples
BugsBunny Daffy Duck ElmerFudd
SnowWhite The Jungle Book The LittleMermaid The Simpsons Family Guy SouthPark
3D Animation Examples
ToyStory Shrek The Incredible Jurassic Park
The Transformers (therobots)
http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum/Vocational/2018/Media_XI_821-Animator.pdf
Question 16: a) explains five animation techniques used in 2D animation
Answer:
acceleration/deceleration
This means that the rate of change for the animated property is constant. ... For example, a value of 0.1 for a two-second animation would mean that the rate of change increases for 0.2 seconds
audio integration
Audio for Animation. ... In animation all the sound is completely invented in post a synthetic creation, manufactured out of raw materials. The best sound design is a hidden art, a seamless integration with the moving image, existing in support of the story
hinges and pivots
The parts are broken into subgroups, each containing a pivot point and parts to be rotated. These subgroups are then nested in order to make a logical progression of animations, resulting in a nested series of of groups with each rotating around a specific pivot point
key frames and tweens
Short for in-betweening, the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image. Tweening is a key process in all types of animation, including computer animation.
A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. ... A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement.
morphing/object exaggeration
2D Animation Principle The meaning of exaggeration is in general, obvious. However, the principle of exaggeration in animation does not mean arbitrarily distorting shapes or objects or making an action more violent or unrealistic.
motion paths
The motion path is a line that represents the spatial movement of the tweened instance; its dots (sometimes called "tween dots" or "frame dots") represent the target objects position along the path at frames on the timeline either single frames, or groups of frames if you have a long tween span selected.
registration points
A symbol's registration point determines it's stage placement, scale center and rotation point in ActionScript.
rotation
The action of rotating object about an axis or Centre
speed/motion blur.
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation
https://webneel.com/different-types-of-animation-styles
b) What are the limitations of 2Danimation?
Answer:
• Animation requires a lot of effort and time to create. It works well from a technical perspective. But educators may find it difficult to place it in their curriculum.
• It cannot judge the level of every student in a class. It becomes difficult to adapt to individual IQ levels. It becomes easy for teachers to handle it with some technical knowledge know-how. It might not fit in well for all.
• The animation technology is created to interact with the students. It cannot recognize the creative factor in the batch of students. Some might be able to use it while others may not.
• Animation technology uses more storage and memory space. It uses more bandwidth and requires high speed and uninterrupted internet connection
•
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